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| pneumatics | Mechanics \Me*chan"ics\, n. [Cf. F. m['e]canique.] That science, or branch of applied mathematics, which treats of the action of forces on bodies. [1913 Webster] Note: That part of mechanics which considers the action of forces in producing rest or equilibrium is called {statics}; that which relates to such action in producing motion is called {dynamics}. The term mechanics includes the action of forces on all bodies, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous. It is sometimes, however, and formerly was often, used distinctively of solid bodies only: The mechanics of liquid bodies is called also {hydrostatics}, or {hydrodynamics}, according as the laws of rest or of motion are considered. The mechanics of gaseous bodies is called also {pneumatics}. The mechanics of fluids in motion, with special reference to the methods of obtaining from them useful results, constitutes {hydraulics}. [1913 Webster] {Animal mechanics} (Physiol.), that portion of physiology which has for its object the investigation of the laws of equilibrium and motion in the animal body. The most important mechanical principle is that of the lever, the bones forming the arms of the levers, the contractile muscles the power, the joints the fulcra or points of support, while the weight of the body or of the individual limbs constitutes the weight or resistance. {Applied mechanics}, the principles of abstract mechanics applied to human art; also, the practical application of the laws of matter and motion to the construction of machines and structures of all kinds. {orbital mechanics}, the principles governing the motion of bodies in orbit around other bodies under gravitational influence, such as artificial Earth satellites. [1913 Webster +PJC] |
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